Is there a formula which calculates the estimated units lost from land grabs or attacks? If I over send 50% more unit during a land grab, does that mean I would lose 50% more of the units?

Also, does medical research reduces the lost of units when attacking? Under the technology description, it says medical research reduces the casualties whilst defending, but it does not mention anything to do with attacking.

You lose 8% when attacking no matter what.

Med tech is just for defending.

I see. So going back to my earlier example, if I oversend 50% more units, I would end up losing the 8% of the breakthrough units plus 8% from the additional 50% units.

I'm assuming you do not gain additional acres or buildings from oversending, so ideally it's best to send only the required amount or a little bit extra just to be on the safe side.

Yes, units sent×.08

You actually have to send a certain amount of units to get max ghost acre returns. I'm not real sure about how ghost acres work so I don't want to give misinformation. If you're sending an average amount, you'll prob get max ghost acres. It usually only matters early on when you can break with small brigades.

You should send 110% of the break to be sure you get through.

Do cruise missiles kill spies?

I think so since it's considered a Military unit. I actually don't remember its been so long.